Publications

@misc{whentextandnumb-2026/8,
  title={When Text and Numbers Disagree: Evidence Arbitration in Large Language Models},
  author={Carletti M, Phillips E, Gustafsson FK, Palo P, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{thefaircasefora-2026/7,
  title={The FAIR Case for A Coherent Interoperability to support NHS 10 Year Health Plan},
  author={Tomlinson H, Beck T, Castillo FD, Clifton L, Cresswell K et al.},
  journal={Scientific Data},
  publisher={Springer Nature},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{developmentandv-2026/6,
  title={Development and validation of a multimodal artificial intelligence-based model for predicting post-prostatectomy treatment outcomes from baseline biparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging},
  author={Simon BD, Akcicek E, Harmon SA, Clifton L, Thakur A et al.},
  journal={Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology},
  publisher={Galenos Yayinevi},
  year = "2026"
}

@misc{measuringepiste-2026/6,
  title={Measuring Epistemic Resilience of LLMs Under Misleading Medical Context},
  author={Zhou H, Zou X, Wu J, Wu S, Yu J et al.},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{assessingtheimp-2026/5,
  title={Assessing the Importance of Variation in Diagnostic Coding Among the Three Countries in the UK Biobank},
  author={Clifton L, Liu W, Collister JA, Littlejohns TJ, Goldacre RR et al.},
  journal={Learning Health Systems},
  volume={10},
  number={e70083},
  publisher={Wiley},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@misc{geometriccharac-2026/4,
  title={Geometric Characterisation and Structured Trajectory Surrogates for Clinical Dataset Condensation},
  author={Nganjimi PC, Soltan A, Belgrave D, Clifton L, Clifton D et al.},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{digitalmorphine-2026/3,
  title={Digital morphine: why AI scribes are symptomatic relief for a broken system},
  author={Segal B, Allen L, Fieggen J, Clifton D & Clifton L},
  journal={BMJ Digital Health & AI},
  volume={2},
  number={e000030},
  publisher={BMJ Publishing Group},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@misc{democratisingcl-2026/3,
  title={Democratising clinical AI through dataset condensation for classical clinical models},
  author={Thakur A, Molaei S, Nganjimi PC, Fieggen J, Soltan AAS et al.},
  year = "2026"
}

@inproceedings{clinicalrempowe-2026/3,
  title={Clinical-R1: empowering large language models for faithful and comprehensive reasoning with clinical objective relative policy optimization},
  author={Gu B, Zhou H, Segal BM, Wu J, Cao Z et al.},
  booktitle={2nd AAAI Bridge Program on AI for Medicine and Healthcare (AIMedHealth 2026)},
  pages={117-126},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{whentoandwhenno-2026/2,
  title={When to and when not to use machine learning in risk prediction models},
  author={Clifton L, Powell J, Clifton DA & Sheikh A},
  journal={The Lancet Digital Health},
  volume={8},
  pages={100954},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@article{cardiachealthas-2026/2,
  title={Cardiac health assessment across scenarios and devices using a multimodal foundation model pretrained on data from 1.7 million individuals},
  author={Gu X, Tang W, Han J, Sangha V, Liu F et al.},
  journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
  volume={8},
  pages={220-233},
  publisher={Nature Research},
  year = "2026"
}

BibTeX

@inproceedings{bridgingthegene-2025/12,
  title={Bridging the generalisation gap: synthetic data generation for multi-site clinical model validation},
  author={Segal B, Fieggen J, Clifton D & Clifton L},
  booktitle={47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@inproceedings{navigatingsever-2025/12,
  title={Navigating severe class imbalance in population cohort data},
  author={Fieggen J, Segal B, Walker E, Thakur A, Butler C et al.},
  booktitle={47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2025)},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@misc{clinicalrempowe-2025/12,
  title={Clinical-R1: Empowering Large Language Models for Faithful and Comprehensive Reasoning with Clinical Objective Relative Policy Optimization},
  author={Gu B, Zhou H, Segal BM, Wu J, Cao Z et al.},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{multimorbidityd-2025/11,
  title={Multimorbidity, disease clusters and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study},
  author={Littlejohns TJ, Liu W, Calvin CM, Clifton L, Collister JA et al.},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={15},
  number={41393},
  publisher={Nature Research},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@inproceedings{dragentempoweri-2025/11,
  title={DrAgent: empowering Large Language Models as medical agents for multi-hop medical reasoning},
  author={Liu F, Li Z, Zhou H, Yin Q, Yang J et al.},
  booktitle={30th Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2025)},
  pages={15656-15668},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{learningacrosst-2025/9,
  title={Learning Across the Divide: Personalised Federated Learning for Robust Clinical Modelling under Data-View Heterogeneity},
  author={Molaei S, Thakur A, Clifton L, Soltan A, Schwab P et al.},
  journal={IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics},
  volume={PP},
  pages={1-10},
  publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{acollaborativel-2025/9,
  title={A collaborative large language model for drug analysis},
  author={Zhou H, Liu F, Wu J, Zhang W, Huang G et al.},
  journal={Nature Biomedical Engineering},
  pages={1-12},
  publisher={Springer Nature},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@misc{beyondcorrelati-2025/8,
  title={Beyond correlations: the necessity and the challenges of causal AI},
  author={Chauhan VK, Dhami DS, Gao B, Wang X, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{amultimodalauto-2025/8,
  title={A multimodal automated deep learning-based model for predicting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following prostatectomy from baseline MRI, Presurgical clinical covariates},
  author={Simon BD, Harmon SA, Merriman KM, Tetreault J, Esengur OT et al.},
  journal={Clinical Imaging},
  volume={126},
  number={110579},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{dynamicbeattobe-2025/8,
  title={Dynamic Beat-to-Beat Measurements of Blood Pressure Using Multimodal Physiological Signals and a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model},
  author={Xiang T, Jin Y, Liu Z, Clifton L, Clifton DA et al.},
  journal={IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics},
  volume={29},
  pages={5438-5451},
  publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@inproceedings{individualisedt-2025/7,
  title={Individualised treatment effects estimation with composite treatments and composite outcomes},
  author={Kumar Chauhan V, Clifton L, Nigam G & Clifton DA},
  booktitle={47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2025)},
  pages={1-7},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{transforminglab-2025/7,
  title={Transforming label-efficient decoding of healthcare wearables with self-supervised learning and “embedded” medical domain expertise},
  author={Gu X, Liu Z, Han J, Qiu J, Fang W et al.},
  journal={Communications Engineering},
  volume={4},
  number={135},
  publisher={Nature Research},
  year = "2025"
}

@misc{sensingcardiach-2025/6,
  title={Sensing Cardiac Health Across Scenarios and Devices: A Multi-Modal Foundation Model Pretrained on Heterogeneous Data from 1.7 Million Individuals},
  author={Gu X, Tang W, Han J, Sangha V, Liu F et al.},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{dysregulatedimm-2025/5,
  title={Dysregulated immune proteins in plasma in the UK Biobank predict multiple myeloma 12 years before clinical diagnosis},
  author={Fieggen J, Thakur A, Butler C, Ramasamy K, Thakurta A et al.},
  journal={Blood Advances},
  volume={9},
  pages={3766-3770},
  publisher={American Society of Hematology},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{implementationf-2025/4,
  title={Implementation Framework for AI Deployment at Scale in Healthcare Systems},
  author={Adnan HS, Shidani A, Clifton L, Bankhead CR & Perera-Salazar R},
  journal={iScience},
  pages={112406},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@misc{bridgingthegene-2025/4,
  title={Bridging the Generalisation Gap: Synthetic Data Generation for Multi-Site Clinical Model Validation},
  author={Segal B, Fieggen J, Clifton D & Clifton L},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{applicationofla-2025/4,
  title={Application of large language models in medicine},
  author={Liu F, Zhou H, Gu B, Zou X, Huang J et al.},
  journal={Nature Reviews Bioengineering},
  volume={3},
  pages={445-464},
  publisher={Springer Nature},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@misc{riskagentautono-2025/3,
  title={RiskAgent: Autonomous Medical AI Copilot for Generalist Risk Prediction},
  author={Liu F, Wu J, Zhou H, Gu X, Molaei S et al.},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@misc{individualisedt-2025/2,
  title={Individualised Treatment Effects Estimation with Composite Treatments and Composite Outcomes},
  author={Chauhan VK, Clifton L, Nigam G & Clifton DA},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@article{aligningautoenc-2025/1,
  title={Aligning, autoencoding and prompting large language models for novel disease reporting},
  author={Liu F, Wu X, Huang J, Yang B, Branson K et al.},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
  volume={47},
  pages={3332-3343},
  publisher={IEEE},
  year = "2025"
}

BibTeX

@inproceedings{largelanguagemo-2024/11,
  title={Large language models are poor clinical decision-makers: a comprehensive benchmark},
  author={Liu F, Li Z, Zhou H, Yin Q, Yang J et al.},
  booktitle={Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2024)},
  pages={13696-13710},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@article{atadmissionpred-2024/7,
  title={At-admission prediction of mortality and pulmonary embolism in an international cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 using statistical and machine learning methods},
  author={Mesinovic M, Wong XC, Rajahram GS, Citarella BW, Peariasamy KM et al.},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={14},
  number={16387},
  publisher={Nature Research},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{figurefromasses-2024/6,
  title={Figure 3 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S2 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S5 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryfi-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Figure S3 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S1 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryfi-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Figure S5 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryfi-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Figure S2 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryfi-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Figure S4 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{datafromassessi-2024/6,
  title={Data from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S7 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S9 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S3 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S9 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S7 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S6 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S3 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}

BibTeX

@misc{supplementaryta-2024/6,
  title={Supplementary Table S2 from Assessing the Value of Incorporating a Polygenic Risk Score with Nongenetic Factors for Predicting Breast Cancer Diagnosis in the UK Biobank},
  author={Collister JA, Liu X, Littlejohns TJ, Cuzick J, Clifton L et al.},
  year = "2024"
}